@tom it looks like the groups are the same between machines (and yours except I'm not in docker), and the versions of adb, fastboot, and all android packages are the same. I was looking online and some people say it may be related to or solved by udev (https://askubuntu.com/questions/705537/no-permissions-fastboot-fastboot-and-adb-not-working) but I'm not sure I have more more time to troubleshoot this, and I didn't touch anything with udev on the working machine. Hopefully I'll be able to circle back to this eventually, but thank's for your help with everything!